Tag: Security

As with all new Windows 10 releases, there are a bunch of new features and bells and whistles. To the business and end-users this can mean great benefits. Here are the business values of upgrading to Windows 10 version 1903 (also referred to as 19H1), from a business, security and IT perspective.

Note: Windows 10 v1903 / 19H1 is not yet released, the features exist only in current Insider builds, which are possible to try out if you opt your organization into Windows Insider for Business.

The business case

By deploying the Windows 10 v1903/19H1 update your organization can:

• Save many minutes for each user in your entire organization
  Potentially you can save a few minutes times the X number of users per month in your organization, when your Windows devices are updated with new Windows updates. This is possible as the user login is done automatically after restart (with the screen locked of course), meaning your end users do not have to stare at the login screen waiting to start LOB apps.
• End-user improvements for finding relevant resources
  Chrome integration with Timeline feature is added and improvements to searching and finding stuff is improved. This means that users can find relevant resources they are working on or have worked on faster than before. 
• Reduction in help desk calls
  With the new features added in Windows 10 v1903/19H1 you can see a reduction of ~5%* or more help desk incidents and support calls. This is thanks to automated troubleshooters, disk space reservation changes and fixes that previously caused help desk calls.

Let’s break this down and go into more details!

Increase in user productivity

There are several new features and design changes that will increase user productivity.

• Automatic sign-on after restart and updating saves many minutes!
  This time-saving feature is to this date only available for cloud-only domain joined Windows 10 devices, not domain joined, nor Hybrid Azure AD joined (although GPO configuration tend to state otherwise). What it means is that the end-user will save many minutes after each update and restart!
  The requirements for this is (except for cloud domain joined Windows 10 device): BitLocker enabled which is not suspended during upgrade, which in itself requires a TPM 2.0 chip and Secure Boot to be enabled.
• Chrome Timeline extension
  The Timeline was introduced in Windows 10 v1803 and is a great way for the user to have all history of documents you worked on, sites you browsed etc. within a few clicks! With the Chrome Timeline extension (named Web Activities), the end-user will also see browsing history from Chrome in their Timeline.
• Enhanced search and indexing
  The search feature in Windows 10 v1903/19H1 is now listing top used apps and recent activities (i.e. opened documents) providing easier and quicker access to recently used files and apps. At the same time, for power users, there is now an option to index the entire C: drive and not only what is available in the user data folder. The settings for this are found in Settings > Search > Searching Windows.
• Restart without updating or upgrading 
  This feature has come and gone over the Windows 10 lifetime, but now it works as expected. Whenever a quality update or a feature update is installed, the user can now choose to shut down or restart without having to be forced to install the update. This is a real time-saver and can save the user quite some time and hassle as a forced updating of the device now has become optional.
• Windows Light Theme
  This is not really something you can consider time or cost-saving but has the potential to really impact the end user. For the first time since Windows 10 launched in 2015, there is a new theme that means a better user experience if you prefer light colors and not dark. Switch to the Windows Light Theme by going to Settings > Personalization > Colors and choose Light in the drop down.

Reduction in support costs

Microsoft are adding new feature and have made design changes that will reduce support for Windows 10 starting with Windows 10 v1903/19H1.

• Automated troubleshooters
  Ever since Windows 7 there are built in troubleshooters which can be used to ease the troubleshooting of Windows problems. Starting with Windows 10 v1903/19H1, Windows has the possibility to detect problems and prompt to run troubleshooters to fix problems, instead of the user having to call help desk.
• WWAN connections for built-in SIM improvements
  If you have devices with built-in SIMs, now this works much more stable than ever. First, there has been a problem with if the connection is lost, it was impossible to re-connect without disabling the device from Device Manager. Now, if the connection is lost you can simply re-connect as expected. Another important change is that now you can via the UI change the WWAN connection to not be metered network, meaning everything will from an end-user perspective work as usual (thus with the impact that it will generate more data).
• Reserved disk space minimizing problems
  With Windows as a Service it is imperative that the Windows device has enough disk space. With Windows 10 v1903/19H1 Microsoft has made the decision to reverse 7GB to be able to update itself. I think everyone can agree that a Windows device with 0 bytes left on the disk will with 100% certainty result in a help desk incident. This decision by Microsoft will not only reduce general support calls due to “out of disk space” issues, but also raise the possibilities that updates go well, which also reduces work load for IT.

Security

As with all new Windows 10 release, Windows 10 v1903/19H1 is no different. Security is a baseline pillar of the modern desktop and modern workplace, and with modern threats you cannot overlook this. Here are a couple of 

• Complete secure browser experience, with Chrome, Edge and IE11
  Windows Defender Application Guard (WDAG) has been available for a few versions now and really provides a super secure browsing environment. As many organizations use Chrome (and some Firefox), now you can “tie up the sack” so to say and make sure that Chrome and Firefox also adhere to WDAG, using the WDAG extension for Chrome and Firefox. This way, you can use IE11 for the old legacy web apps, while using Chrome or Firefox for other internal or external apps and then Edge for creating an extremely secure browsing experience on the web. Of course, you can use only Edge and IE11 together as well, but many users tend to want to use Chrome after all. The dependency for using WDAG with Chrome and Firefox is to use the Windows Defender Application Guard Companion app (this is not needed if only using Edge and IE11).
• Protection history for Windows Defender Exploit Guard features etc.
  Having history of protections for antivirus is something everyone expects and have solutions for, but what I want to highlight is that now you can find Exploit Guard protections here as well, meaning you can follow-up on actions related to Controlled Folders and Attack Surface Reduction. Go to Windows Security > Virus & threat protection > Protection history to find the history.

For IT

• Windows Sandbox
  The Windows Sandbox is a container solution where you quickly can get an isolated Windows 10 instance running, for testing stuff out. The use cases for this solution becomes a lot more when you consider there are config file possibilities!
• A bunch of new MDM possibilities…
  Many new MDM policies are added, and to be more precise 70** MDM settings are new for Windows 10 v1903/19H1. A few of them are listed in Changes in MDM enrollment documentation. You can also see all possible settings by taking an MDM enrolled device, go to Settings > Accounts > Access work or school > <click your join and then click the Info button> > Export results, and look at the last section which lists all possible settings which can then be referenced and investigated for options.
• …as well as new GPO settings
  In general we don’t see as many GPO settings added as MDM settings to each new Windows release, but some new GPO settings are for Storage Sense and Specifying deadlines for Windows Update restarts after quality or feature updates have been installed. 

Modern management and deployment

Note: The below is not related nor dependent on Windows 10 v1903/19H1 release and applies to previous Windows versions as well.

• Some highlights of Intune improvements since last Windows release:
  • BitLocker encryption status and TPM version reports.
  • Win32 app deployment feature is now General Availability – plus troubleshooting possibilities are added.
  • Rename a device from the Intune console – pushed to the device.
  • Security baselines so that you can secure your Windows devices easily.
  • ADMX templates adding some additional hundreds of settings that you can configure on your Windows devices!

Summary

With the changed support statement detailed by Microsoft last summer, many organizations decided to skip the spring releases and only deploy the fall releases of Windows 10.

With the above I think you have a good understanding on how your organization can benefit of deploying Windows 10 v1903/19H1 in many ways, and you can make a qualified decision on whether or not you will deploy the spring/H1 release of Windows 10. 

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Foot note:

* Very rough estimation based on my soon four year-experience with Windows 10 in multiple organizations.
** Based on Insider build 18356 compared to Windows 10 v1809. This number can change.

The one most common misconception around AppLocker is the fact that it could be used to allow standard users to install stuff that in any normal case would require administrator privileges. This is absolutely 100% incorrect.

What AppLocker does is set a number of rules on what can be run and executed on a machine. It is important to note that if you allow something to run or be executed via AppLocker rules the user will still need the appropriate privileges if the setup or application itself require administrative privileges at some point in time such as when doing automatic updating for instance.

At the TechNet/MSDN after work I attended last week I got an interesting question on why a user (domain admin) gets a UAC popup on trying to access folders via Explorer which he knows for sure he is supposed to be able to access looking at the ACLs of the folder. Instead, when clicking OK on the UAC popup the ACL is populated with his account.

My first thought to this behavior was Explorer.exe not being able to elevate and the “split personality” i.e. the two security tokens involved when UAC is in effect. Here comes a more detailed explanation that I think is of interest to more. Note that this problem also covers some other scenarios such as AppLocker rules not appearing to work as intended for administrators. Read on to learn what is causing this.

First when UAC is enabled you get two security tokens when you log in, easily explained as one which contains the administrator privilege information and one which does not. Most of the times you run everything using the standard security token. When you for instance want to install software or change some system settings, then the security token containing the administrator privileges information is used.

If you do not explicitly request an application to launch with higher privileges, or the applications itself request higher privileges, all processes and applications run in the user context with the standard security token. Virtually all applications including Windows applications and processes are possible to elevate by right clicking and choosing “Run as administrator”. This is not true for Explorer.EXE though as all your attempts to elevate it will not result in any actual elevation. There are a few caveats with this and let us continue with the example of access certain files and folders.

So let’s have a look at what the ACL of the folder D:\Share looks like:

We can clearly see that there are no user accounts in this list. Under normal circumstances any user which is a member of the domain admins group should be able to access that folder but instead is presented with the UAC dialogue:

What happens when the user “stenis” in this case clicks “Continue” to that UAC dialogue box questions is that the ACL is populated with the user account in questions:

This happens because the fact that Explorer.exe cannot be elevated the normal Windows Explorer does not see that the user account should be able to access that folder. It is easy to verify as you can actually run Explorer.EXE elevated by changing the registry setting “RunAs” to “_RunAs” in HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\AppID\{CDCBCFCA-3CDC-436f-A4E2-0E02075250C2}. Thanks goes to Andre Ziegler for this finding.

So what does this tell us? It is a somewhat strange problem but still by design. The fact is that this “problem” is not applicable to the folder and file access as described in this blog but also for AppLocker rules for instance, as many domain administrators must choose “Run as administrator” to be able to run software which they think they should be able to run without this little procedure.

If you think that you have come a far way making sure all users are running as standard users you must stop and rethink. Well, having all users as standard users is very good from many perspectives but with coming challenges your efforts must not stop there. A growing problem is the fact that more and more applications install in the user space, i.e. in the \users\username\appdata directory instead of the traditional “Program files”.

Also Windows 7 contain Windows Installer 5.0 which sports a new feature which makes the software vendors easily make Windows Installer (MSI files) that install software in the user space instead of program files, and thereby not requiring the user to be administrator or even require a UAC prompt for credentials for an administrative account.

The standard users of course think this is great, meaning they after all can install and run for instance Google Chrome without needing to ask that restrictive IT department. From the IT departments view this fact that standard users can install and run applications is a concern.

The answer to take care of this problem is simply the new Windows feature AppLocker. To be honest it is somewhat like Software Restriction Policies (SRP) but whatever bad things you have heard about SRP you can forget about them. AppLocker contains new features that make the implementation and ongoing management very easy compared to Software Restriction Policies. More about AppLocker in the AppLocker walkthrough.